《雅俗通十五音》非“下上与上上同”而是“浊上归下去”
林宝卿; 刘子立
《雅俗通十五音》初版于嘉庆二十三年(1818),是漳州东苑谢秀岚编辑的反映当时漳州方言的一本韵书。《雅》声母十五音,五十个字母分八音,八音的称说是:上平声、上上声、上去声、上入声、下平声、下上声、下去声、下入声。在每个字母的下上声都是说"全韵与上上同",实际上是七音(七个声调)。为了论证"下上"是否与"上上"同,本文一方面从五十个字母八音中的下去字逐字考证,得出的结论是非"下上"与"上上"同,而是"下上"归"下去";另方面从早《雅》一百年左右代表福州方言的韵书《戚林八音》的浊上归阳去作为印证,说明罗常培先生、邵荣芬先生、李新魁先生的论述"浊上变去"此语音规律估计到南宋就已遍及全国大多数方言是相吻合的。; First edition of "Ya Su Tong fifteen initial consonant" as a rhyming dictionary of Zhang Zhou dialect at that time of Xie Xiulan of Dong Yuan, Zhang Zhou originates from 23 th of Jia Qing year of Qing dynasty(1818). "Ya Su Tong fifteen initial consonant" reveals that initial consonant with fifteen tones and fifty alphabets divides eight tones like Shang Ping tone, Shang Shang tone, Shang Qu tone, Shang Ru tone, Xia Ping tone, Xia Shang tone, Xia Qu tone, Xia Ru tone. Xia Shang tone of each alphabet is called "rhythm same with Shang Shang tone", actually that is seven sounds(seven tones). For demonstrating that whether "Xia Shang" and "Shang Shang" are same or not, this paper demonstrates word by word from eight sounds of fifty alphabets to make a conclusion of that "Xia Shang" is not same with "Shang Shang" but"Xia Shang" returns to "Xia Qu". From rhyming dictionary "Qi Lin Ba Yin" represented Fu Zhou "Ya Su Tong fifteen initial consonant" dialect before around 100 years, the discussion of Luo Changpei, Shao Rongfen and Li Xinkui are revealed that voice rules of voiced rising tone are wide spread over nationwide same with almost dialects in Song dynasty.
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